Calculando la Serie de Fibonacci con Java - Usando la Clase BigDecimal java.math.BigDecimal

Hola a todos, hoy vamos a realizar una modificación al último programa que creamos y que servía para calcular la Serie de Fibonacci. En aquella oportunidad, utilizamos el tipo de dato long, para almacenar los términos de la serie. Como lo van a ver en el video, este tipo de dato permite almacenar y operar con valores enteros que estén entre un rango (ver este link) lo que hace que cuando necesitemos calcular el término 100 de la serie, nuestro programa falle. Para solucionarlo, y poder llegar a calcular incluso el término 100.000 de la serie, vamos a ajustar nuestro programa, reemplazando el tipo long, por la construcción de objetos de la clase BigDecimal, que podemos encontrar en: java.math.BigDecimal.

Una de las motivaciones para realizar este ajuste, surgió después de visitar en twitter a @iamPisano, que como pueden ver, se da a la tarea de calcular cada uno de los términos de la serie y los postea día a día. Solo que debemos tener en cuenta, que para este caso puntual en twitter, la serie no inicia en 0 como primer término, sino que lo hace en 1 :

Veamos entonces los ajustes que hay que realizar al programa:

Entonces, el resultado del término 100.000 de la serie es: 1.605.285.768.272.981.969.703.501.699.166.323.590.285.867.163.980.464.844.832.239.016.803.082.277.106.148.858.007.382.799.983.341.986.487.069.902.980.550.885.975.477.322.351.434.706.230.637.004.409.049.784.072.899.949.196.507.083.084.156.794.116.251.699.801.486.721.736.223.390.722.427.570.186.888.655.751.529.235.613.410.338.408.870.193.727.569.971.527.403.943.276.390.636.566.571.870.291.873.364.726.912.281.315.045.657.377.080.452.296.641.014.550.702.767.029.410.145.444.194.902.043.334.906.137.465.258.645.364.555.071.992.099.303.047.847.552.914.338.861.950.758.012.905.861.458.304.822.952.983.798.347.708.234.849.961.877.892.581.500.487.104.329.912.897.053.787.202.478.194.803.251.250.973.191.854.369.361.609.443.319.395.284.823.520.448.940.840.651.775.732.907.644.074.930.230.290.374.431.944.669.276.579.201.082.329.022.167.437.000.540.178.184.976.161.661.514.705.005.605.252.150.134.472.235.679.948.230.522.246.450.783.383.505.595.174.189.526.726.407.243.536.143.199.261.274.616.730.010.032.991.043.429.007.848.793.212.103.106.980.237.721.076.343.555.337.313.557.523.933.541.011.980.094.972.016.608.642.899.965.136.223.294.935.842.250.390.250.828.259.889.570.870.033.963.187.596.647.568.293.443.342.410.158.531.081.233.044.913.682.653.199.471.625.481.578.504.171.408.327.887.892.606.534.538.046.526.227.539.584.258.299.526.342.312.407.738.333.210.781.604.982.633.545.495.888.491.561.087.898.934.709.982.167.880.030.332.285.876.102.262.358.067.160.003.937.460.024.447.386.489.060.064.938.005.924.808.194.248.140.558.002.201.840.110.628.892.078.612.055.443.438.221.578.862.498.291.300.651.383.928.584.373.984.902.581.102.658.641.829.978.112.304.456.574.513.448.241.227.250.220.543.913.281.700.290.495.475.408.052.707.795.147.547.800.588.002.895.958.860.368.311.598.042.365.046.277.866.614.673.101.609.444.339.885.617.748.915.603.839.452.726.352.490.607.877.574.219.728.913.916.976.759.172.161.942.512.702.106.521.906.799.710.381.230.933.153.796.675.234.790.235.519.467.434.328.547.611.767.013.440.031.554.432.534.844.647.298.756.881.984.813.696.106.276.099.041.644.436.865.326.704.962.005.414.703.252.661.697.429.052.228.700.026.065.934.215.598.541.335.206.314.601.174.756.857.372.108.267.519.395.603.749.844.795.252.189.671.825.103.542.031.215.733.628.895.819.541.342.350.496.767.544.577.359.612.671.868.612.857.438.207.662.577.444.439.948.508.920.511.081.719.932.202.807.952.094.944.050.633.931.520.353.705.165.752.224.278.973.066.052.968.454.719.257.620.483.060.470.600.788.353.841.819.233.018.709.738.129.272.890.069.127.555.164.502.616.928.102.212.343.992.914.591.955.318.844.285.013.299.957.618.895.751.836.410.624.400.229.016.257.087.124.946.066.477.575.152.076.724.047.120.392.797.560.167.658.863.103.308.402.495.871.217.091.072.663.815.427.719.636.357.536.979.632.444.694.514.337.858.315.807.830.123.045.624.488.992.063.343.898.622.232.809.815.276.499.488.686.478.228.480.874.239.466.465.854.539.844.009.846.101.554.232.183.838.534.179.468.661.774.189.936.357.207.632.600.958.655.709.417.275.749.429.239.988.171.339.658.743.365.174.488.065.007.582.726.285.863.146.448.924.868.664.427.085.110.604.128.660.321.340.974.290.227.751.774.596.026.947.684.109.219.687.306.112.339.935.786.833.700.659.979.398.202.936.706.616.097.546.152.220.112.351.577.429.071.691.996.714.225.148.201.836.224.531.388.188.828.414.881.188.334.920.655.630.153.169.251.145.055.210.281.181.391.953.380.107.481.654.255.645.127.994.887.231.589.208.565.664.071.302.800.977.912.220.698.957.776.480.636.745.408.839.203.784.677.444.818.657.023.410.443.268.816.498.801.371.347.267.132.397.716.732.400.934.315.263.934.769.040.513.464.841.561.083.944.551.934.883.988.744.727.388.060.728.901.992.257.005.859.055.592.579.702.701.498.789.876.629.246.140.468.987.055.648.848.202.353.823.182.795.242.782.132.450.518.480.143.325.145.961.034.852.129.829.326.886.460.411.094.976.924.341.652.757.372.601.080.646.845.728.370.074.061.158.221.585.322.990.526.186.875.844.634.722.511.809.085.241.823.052.372.900.726.216.206.528.436.967.345.658.215.327.215.577.167.284.155.988.406.956.370.554.636.684.846.128.334.980.163.194.517.674.669.364.279.385.002.588.645.091.883.068.843.227.246.373.030.571.025.707.218.598.274.899.936.665.115.662.266.698.431.953.945.913.395.325.132.968.342.194.668.498.035.884.320.932.911.784.631.818.654.384.169.888.679.752.612.611.749.789.608.674.697.848.597.112.146.170.633.493.014.995.995.939.377.711.625.582.930.808.676.496.829.249.602.222.619.292.424.252.447.656.287.929.667.304.629.730.313.799.833.027.997.407.244.725.276.302.509.781.047.384.314.176.384.823.474.910.492.580.222.090.290.554.667.340.599.932.753.957.196.728.351.641.530.502.477.184.104.421.940.129.501.065.236.407.261.763.483.076.234.063.819.323.295.322.334.572.201.851.271.712.048.346.025.161.475.245.874.116.634.416.313.368.359.316.761.604.178.485.441.489.158.625.560.121.491.042.371.977.306.153.220.569.706.918.328.875.307.971.430.260.713.887.737.488.956.424.580.200.236.408.778.520.928.365.218.519.552.706.035.683.158.762.854.973.241.58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7.713.766.114.234.397.518.388.158.917.884.965.996.724.465.553.632.868.124.522.138.127.090.957.097.438.245.699.550.371.080.063.610.811.883.149.356.770.651.939.170.478.580.009.723.634.750.234.525.230.586.956.973.442.183.601.226.892.857.659.834.571.952.751.402.432.535.974.019.285.723.440.143.178.663.085.661.489.468.395.949.655.292.876.968.954.134.375.894.636.957.215.897.554.269.577.972.545.320.348.925.621.001.018.181.082.629.574.065.977.234.465.759.785.287.286.714.374.727.495.872.678.587.414.207.848.650.895.584.387.998.034.625.046.290.171.801.359.865.921.283.084.324.110.095.123.551.304.987.840.882.204.969.719.686.525.690.716.473.952.684.208.210.845.147.877.429.937.413.685.366.415.637.969.929.823.142.715.151.041.472.330.784.946.315.404.898.554.846.796.151.186.570.216.730.649.318.271.975.902.921.153.186.943.175.465.573.593.065.494.635.152.916.844.790.790.458.553.125.497.137.928.673.185.492.642.988.151.351.749.980.555.583.187.839.911.332.022.938.629.411.423.988.267.600.356.654.324.597.873.469.188.507.881.263.522.836.236.015.950.934.069.352.503.689.517.674.756.165.797.438.330.478.239.020.989.779.629.152.824.515.863.111.964.725.097.784.160.096.873.654.887.523.657.692.708.858.660.924.426.466.417.528.459.411.917.468.227.811.968.564.928.339.695.607.991.760.110.838.526.779.605.813.635.674.564.126.462.387.477.076.176.576.076.716.003.437.705.784.461.587.463.694.687.070.089.585.277.095.337.783.919.922.252.384.173.340.676.544.035.949.056.908.588.828.631.439.042.502.771.447.563.752.818.777.651.253.709.918.812.401.251.883.652.056.354.669.580.952.905.741.415.582.490.443.391.738.002.852.555.008.209.191.847.851.592.479.073.851.265.036.140.857.181.722.009.424.954.159.765.991.869.004.628.183.191.226.610.222.509.780.122.728.274.269.964.956.780.472.796.359.983.193.929.814.543.003.579.665.146.025.703.293.835.876.866.905.044.338.119.473.208.110.838.209.412.870.734.152.425.755.882.705.748.159.165.813.050.178.593.910.256.124.229.010.094.260.825.631.140.463.614.889.387.270.678.084.104.253.868.290.265.833.469.364.298.217.996.716.250.516.848.078.271.855.654.652.623.275.174.807.662.421.334.592.866.518.168.777.832.485.204.717.098.600.835.198.134.559.305.012.490.290.130.422.241.338.403.958.285.184.764.190.905.482.027.517.918.757.579.601.123.830.535.605.112.231.393.403.019.756.477.049.965.699.422.050.882.994.827.980.801.851.757.670.345.169.938.937.847.080.418.089.479.760.574.687.266.210.178.988.958.322.126.026.823.402.114.183.928.602.117.706.731.368.865.987.014.370.986.558.619.181.732.240.685.276.658.039.038.354.363.467.907.704.417.875.928.816.855.390.161.550.018.749.180.460.876.687.660.973.851.061.782.922.830.563.715.645.476.215.243.824.913.175.287.139.102.074.142.077.600.793.968.658.444.817.412.235.270.713.000.205.186.815.788.646.373.003.178.174.407.991.557.273.349.069.111.092.288.299.273.620.724.666.915.851.335.545.120.747.688.390.605.016.278.790.626

Este es un número con 20.899 dígitos, muy superior en tamaño, si lo comparamos con un Gúgol.

A continuación el código dela clase:

package series;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class SerieFibonacciBD {

 private BigDecimal termino_inicial = BigDecimal.valueOf(0);
 private BigDecimal termino_siguiente = BigDecimal.valueOf(1);
 private BigDecimal termino_temp = BigDecimal.valueOf(0);

 private int total_terminos;

 private DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat("###,###");
 
 public SerieFibonacciBD(int total_terminos) {
  this.total_terminos = total_terminos;
 }

 public int getTotal_terminos() {
  return total_terminos;
 }

 public void setTotal_terminos(int total_terminos) {
  this.total_terminos = total_terminos;
  this.termino_inicial = BigDecimal.valueOf(0);
  this.termino_siguiente = BigDecimal.valueOf(1);
  this.termino_temp = BigDecimal.valueOf(0);
 }
 
 public void generarFibonacci() {
  
  int i = 0;
  
  for( i = 3 ; i <= total_terminos; i++) {
   
   //Ejecutar la suma de dos BigDecimal
   termino_temp = termino_inicial.add(termino_siguiente);
   termino_inicial = termino_siguiente;
   termino_siguiente = termino_temp;
  }
  
  System.out.println("" + (i-1) + " - " + format.format(termino_temp));  
  System.out.println("");
  
 }

}

Y el de su implementación:

package series;

public class SerieFibonacciBDTest {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  
  SerieFibonacciBD fibonacci = new SerieFibonacciBD(100000);
  fibonacci.generarFibonacci();
 }

}